Viral structural or Non structural proteins (NSP’s) .

• Viral RNA polymerase (nsp12) replication/transcription Enzyme inhibitors or g/sg RNA terminators/mutators: iv Remdesivir = delayed terminator from Gilead ( FDA approved ) . Not recommended by the World Health Organization.

• Viral Spike Protein Receptor Binding Blockade /Neutralization : Eli Lilly’s monoclonal antibody-LY-CoV555 and Regeneron -Roche 2 monoclonal antibody combination have FDA Emergency Use Authorization for use in early infection (prior to development of endogenous antibodies) in high risk patients.

• ProTac molecular medicines contain VHL like sequence peptide tags chemically linked to a molecular agent with viral or host protein binding capabilities. ProTACs target the protein (viral nsp/structural proteins/ or complicit host proteins ) to E3 ubiquitin ligase which ultimately result in proteolysis by the Cytosolic Proteosome.
• Experimental Treatments

Unknown or Multiple mechanisms of action :

• Salicyn-30, Niclosamide (?glucose transporter inhibitor, STAT 3 Inhibitor, Beclin-1 stabilizing, hydrogen ionophore/lysomotropic )
• Fluvoxamine – antiviral effects via its lysosomotropic properties,24 modulation of the effect of IRE1 effects on autophagy,²⁵ and SSRI inhibition of platelet activation- or activation of the sigma 1 Receptor., and/or anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of virus release via the lysosomal exocytosis pathway by blocking acid sphingomyelinase .

• Zinc + zinc ionophores: Zinc with drug X, quercetin from honey, ECGC from green teas, zinc + chloroquine.

Debunked Treatments : Zinc, Hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab (one study showed no benefit in reducing death)/IL-6 inhibitor, Ivermectin

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Global Coronavirus Clinical Trial Tracker

CORONA – Covid-19 Registry of off label and new agents.

References