Genetic risk factors play a significant role in opioid use disorder (OUD). Studies have shown that genetic factors contribute to dependence behavior and relapse after treatment, with heritability estimates indicating a moderate genetic contribution to opioid abuse and dependence13. Genome-wide association studies have identified alleles in genes related to potassium-ion channels, glutamate receptors, and the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) as potential genetic risk factors for opioid addiction3. Additionally, research has highlighted the importance of environmental factors in influencing the risk of opioid dependence, with factors such as education level and adverse childhood experiences playing a significant role4. While genetic predictors alone may not yet have clinical utility, they can still provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in opioid use disorder4. Further research is ongoing to better understand the specific genetic risk factors for OUD and their interactions with environmental influences5.
Despite environmental factors playing a larger role, opioid polygenic risk scores explained 8% of the variance of opioid dependence.
- HK2 LTR retroviral sequence between exons 17 and 18 of the RASGRF2 gene contributes to the psychogenetic risk.
- Furin
- PPP6C
- mu Opioid Receptor
- potassium-ion-channel genes (KCNC1 and KCNG2)
- glutamate receptor auxiliary protein (CNIH3)
- low intelligence factors
- PTSD or childhood stress
- low household income
CCCTDP-102022-FDA-ExecutiveSummary AvertD Test from Solvd Health
