Framework : Eukaryogenesis and Evolution

I Eukaryogenesis

Above scenario partially adapted from Devos et al. and Yutin et al.

1. Current ideas for the origin of the Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells

a. Evolved from a symbiosis of two interdependent phylla of archaea.

b Symbiosis of Thaumarcheon with PVC related bacterium

c. Infection from a Giant DNA Virus

d. Plasma membrane invaginations in the pre-eukaryocyte. (shown above)

e.Endosymbiosis with an alpha protebacteria (The archaezoan scenario)

f. Endosymbosis with and alpha proteobacteria ( The symbiogenesis scenario)

2. Volutin Granules/Acidocalcisomes evolved into Lysosome Related Organelles (LRO's)

3. Endosymbiosis of hydrogen producing delta proteobacteria resulted in Hydrogenosomes.

5. Endosymbiotic alpha proteobacterium 2.7 - 1.8 Gya. created Mitosomes and Mitochondria .

6. Actinobacteria endosymbiosed and became Peroxisome like organelles (peroxisomes, glyoxosomes, and glycosomes)

7. Eukaryotic Cilia and Flagella arose from one of the two currently proposed scenarios:

A. The evolution of eukaryotic cilia and flagella as motile and sensory organelles.

B. Endosymbiosis of spirochete

8. Vaults genes arose from metalic toxicity resistance genes in prokaryotes .

9. DNA transposons contributed to gene acquisitions through transfer events involving NCLDVs.

10. Bacterial symbioses and viral infections played a role in the radiation of the eukaryotic phylums.

11. The root of LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor) is probably between the Diphyllatia and Breviatea phyllums.

12. Anaerobic Eukaryotes Utilzing Iron and Magnesium evolved prior to Aerobic Cells utilizing Oxygen, Zinc, and Copper.

13. The origin of LECA is within the Archaea phylogenetic tree and is consistent with the Eocyte Hypothesis. The closest sister group is currently Korarchaea

References :

Intermediary Metabolism in Protists: a Sequence-based View of Facultative Anaerobic Metabolism in Evolutionarily Diverse Eukaryotes

A late origin of the extant eukaryotic diversity: divergence time estimates using rare genomic changes

The origin and early evolution of eukaryotes in the light of phylogenomics.

Phylogenomic evidence for a common ancestor of mitochondria and the SAR11 clade.

Control systems for membrane fusion in the ancestral eukaryote; evolution of tethering complexes and SM proteins.

The origin of the eukaryotic cell: A genomic investigation

Autophagy in protists

An archaeal origin for the actin cytoskeleton: Implications for eukaryogenesis

Components of Coated Vesicles and Nuclear Pore Complexes Share a Common Molecular Architecture

A congruent phylogenomic signal places eukaryotes within the Archaea

Endosymbiosis and the Origin of Eukaryotes

Protozoa, Chromista, and the eukaryote root.

Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence Marianne A. Minge,, Jeffrey D. Silberm, Russell J. S. Orr, Thomas Cavalier-Smith ,Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi ,Fabien Burki , Asmund Skjæveland and Kjetill S. Jakobsen\

Prehistoric Life: Evolution and the Fossil Record Bruce S. Lieberman (University of Kansas), Roger L. Kaesler (University of Kansas) March 2010, ©2010, Wiley-Blackwell

Frank Scheckenbach,1 Claudia Wylezich,1 Alexander P. Mylnikov,2 Markus Weitere,1 and Hartmut Arndt1,*

Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree Thomas Cavalier-Smith*

Reconstructing a complex early Neoproterozoic eukaryote, Wynniatt Formation, arctic Canada NICHOLAS BUTTERFIELD

The real ‘kingdoms’ of eukaryotes Alastair G.B. Simpson1, , Andrew J. Roger2,

Diversity of Eukaryotic Translational Initiation Factor eIF4E in Protists

Archaeal origin of tubulin.

updated on 12/26/2012 ©1994-2012 Foster P. Carr MD all rights reserved