Primate and Human Evolution via Infectious Speciation Events
Evidence of common ancestry ERVs (video)
Haplorrhini (extinct omomyids) and Strepsirrhini ("wet-nosed" primates- lemurs and lorises and extinct adapids), parted ways about 63 million years ago (mya).
Catarrhines evolved from Haplorrhines about 58 million years ago
Eosimias 42-45 Million Years Ago-- may be Earliest Catarrhine -
Maccaca--
Gibbons
Proconsul --25 to 5 million years ago
Chimpanze--
Ardipithecus Kadaba 5.6 MYA
Ardipithecus Ramidus 4.4 MYA
Austrolopithecus Anamensis 4.0 MYA
Australopithecus Afarensis 3.9 - 2.9 MYA (LUCY)
Australopithecus Africanus 2.85-2.0 MYA
Australopithecus Sediba 1.97 MYA
Homo Habilis
Homo Ergaster
Homo Erectus 1.8 MYA
Homo Floresiensis ?
Homo Neanderthal 500K YA
Homo Denisovan 500K YA
Homo Sapiens 200K YA
Endogenous Retroviral Integrations in relation to Primate Evolutionary Events
1. HERV M integration 55 million years ago
2. XA34 ERV-9 like integration into the germ line 40-45 million years ago
4. HERV K family integrations 39 million years ago or 28 million years ago
6. HERV-K integrations
14 to 19 million years ago
7. The Solitary Long
Terminal Repeats of ERV-9 Endogenous Retrovirus Are Conserved during Primate
Evolution
and Possess Enhancer Activities in Embryonic and
Hematopoietic Cell (15-18 million ya)
8. Endogenous retrovirus drives hitherto unknown proapoptotic p63 isoforms in the male germ line of humans and great apes 15 million years ago
10. HERV W LTR family proliferation during the past 2-5 million years
11. Divergent patterns
of recent retroviral integrations in the human and chimpanzee genomes: probable
transmissions between other primates and chimpanzees.
Jern P, Sperber GO, Blomberg J.
Classes of Retroviruses
Taxonomy of ERV 9 and other retroviruses
Identification, phylogeny, and evolution of retroviral elements based on their envelope genes.
