Forms of RNA and their importance in the evolution of cellular life on Earth
1. Ribozymes and Riboswitches
2. Transfer RNAs/ tRNA Type I and Type II
3. Ribosomal RNAs
4. Spliceosome snRNAs (modify pre-mRNA )
5. Trans-Splicing SL RNA
6. snoRNAs (chaperone and modify rRNA)
7. miRNAs (mirtrons), piRNAs, miRNA's non-intronic/POL II, III dependent, pre-miRNA
8 siRNAs
9. pre-messenger RNAs --------->mRNAs capped and uncapped
10. tmRNAs
11. RNAse P RNAs (modify tRNA and rRNA)
12. RNAse MRP/RNA dependent RNA Polymerase/RMRP (modify small subunit rRNA, mRNA for cyclin B protein, manufacture siRNA )
12. Telomerase RNA
13. vault RNA
14 SRP RNA
15. Viral RNA single positive stranded
17. Viral RNA single negative Stranded
18. Double Stranded viral RNA
19. Pre-pseudogene RNA
20. XIST RNA (X chromosome inactivating RNA ), Kcnq1ot1-RNA (chromosome 11 domain silencing)
21. antisense RNA
22. mascRNA a small tRNA like molecule processed from a larger nuclear RNA
23. PASR-RNA
24. Non-PASR-RNA
25.Coactivating RNA Transcription Factors
26. phosphorylation activating RNA
27. 7sk like repressors of transcription elongation via inhibiting phosphorylation of rnap ii
28. Alu/sine element ncRNA inhibitors of RNA Polymerase II initiator complexes.
29. Long ncRNA regulators of epigenetic histone methylations, acetylations, and ubiqutinations, and acylations (ie. HotAir, kcnq1 )
30. crispRNA in prokaryotes (defense against mobile genetic elements-phages, plasmids, and transposons)
Questions and Ideas
1. Did translation evolve before, afte,r or simulataneous with transcription ?
answer. Rna world hypothesis would suggest rna polymerization occured before amino acid polymerization.
2. Could DNA and RNA coevolve without Proteins or Lipids ?
3. What were the first types of RNA polymers ? my answer : ATP polymerized first into poly A, Ap4A, Ap2A, cyclic AMP, and PARP
GTP polymerized as poly G with CTP polymerizeing ontop of poly G , , UTP polymerized on top of polyadenylate.
Ideas:
Aptamers congealed into the first genetic encoding pre-tRNAs similar to minihelices that can be charged with amino acids.
Glycine tRNA was the first to evolve and subsequently type I and type II forms of polyglycine arose as the first proteins
Prions arose from polyglycine types mixes and resulted in preponderance of specific Polyglycine Forms
Viroid-Like circular RNAs evolved which encoded a Ribozyme based RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Viroids evolved into tRNAs and and other types of RNA viruses