II. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIZZINESS

• The cochleovestibular system
  • Infection
    • Acute otitis media
    • Chronic otitis media
    • Serous otitis media
    • Bacterial labyrinthitis
    • Viral labyrinthitis
    • Vestibular neuronitis
    • Syphilis
    • Herpes zoster oticus
  • Trauma
    • Perilymph fistula
    • Temporal bone fracture
    • Labyrinthine concussion
    • Iatrogenic injury
    • Barotrauma
    • Cervical vertigo
  • Tumor
    • Cholesteatoma
    • Acoustic neurinoma
    • Glomus tumors
    • Primary or metastatic carcinoma
  • Vascular
    • Infarction of labyrinthine artery
    • Intralabyrinthine hemorrhage
  • Degenerative
    • Benign positional vertigo (cupulolithiasis)
    • Aging
  • Developmental
    • Congenital anomalies of the inner ear
  • Idiopathic
    • Meniere's disease (Endolymphatic hydrops)
    • Bell's palsy
  • Disorders of bone metabolism
    • Otospongiosis
    • Osteopetrosis
  • Ototoxins
    • Aminoglycosides
    • Salicylates
    • Alcohol
    • Loop diuretics: ethacrynic acid and furosemide
    • Heavy metals: mercury, gold, lead, arsenic drugs
    • Antineoplastics: nitrogen mustard, bleomycin, cis-platinum
• Nervous system
  • Infection
    • Meningitis
    • Encephalitis
    • Brain abscess
  • Demyelinating disorders
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Other demyelinating processes
  • Tumor
    • Cerebellopontine angle tumors
    • Benign and malignant neoplasia
    • Metastatic carcinoma
  • Developmental
    • Malformations of the base of skull
  • Peripheral neuropathy
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Ethanol
    • Pellagra
    • Tabes dorsalis
  • Vascular
    • Hyperventilation
    • Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
    • Migraine variants
    • Brain stem infarction or hemorrhage
    • Cerebellar infarction or hemorrhage
    • Vascular loop syndrome
  • Seizure disorders
    • Temporal lobe
    • Petit mal
• Cardiovascular system
  • Circulatory
    • Hypovolemia
    • Anemia
    • Polycythemia
    • Orthostatic hypotension
    • Hypotension
  • Cardiac
    • Arrhythmias
    • Valvular disease: AS/AI
    • Stokes-Adams attacks
  • Great vessels
    • Subclavian steal
    • Hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex
• Other Systems
  • Ocular/Oculomotor
    • Changes in refraction
    • Cataracts
    • Glaucoma
    • EOM neuropathy
    • Muscle imbalance
  • Endocrine or metabolic
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Hyperlipidemia
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • Carcinoid syndrome
    • Menstruation-pregnancy-menopause
    • Pheochromocytoma
  • Allergy/autoimmune
    • Inhalant
    • Food
    • Drug
    • Collagen vascular disorders
  • Psychiatric
    • Chronic anxiety
    • Hysteria
  • "Old age syndrome"
    • Multisensory deficit